Monk, DavidMcGrath, SimonRamsarup, PreshaZeelen, JacquesWedekind, VolkerAllais, StephanieLotz-Sisitka, HeilaOpenjuru, George LadaahRusson, Joaana2026-10-152026-10-152019McGrath, S., Ramsarup, P., Zeelen, J., Wedekind, V., Allais, S., Lotz-Sisitka, H., Monk, D., Openjuru, G., & Russon, J. (2019). Vocational education and training for African development: Reviewing the past: A literature review. Journal of Vocational Education & Training, 71(4), 585–608.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2019.1679969http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/994Open AccessOffers a comprehensive review of historical VET policy models across Africa, tracking transitions from post-colonial industrial models to modern sustainability frameworks.enVET HistoryAfrican DevelopmentHuman CapitalLiterature ReviewSkills EcosystemArticle