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Impact of Meteorological Factors on the Interaction between Green Vegetation, Urban Features and Air Quality Over Time in Kampala-Uganda
(East African Nature and Science Organization, 2025-03-18) Ddumba, Jorum; Anahita, Ali; Katyal, Sonal; Shaban, Kato Stonewall
The study aimed to analyze the influence of meteorological factors on the interaction between green vegetated areas, urban features, and air quality over time
within Kampala city. Six (6) streets were sampled: - Nasser Lane, 6th Street, Namirembe Road, Owino Kafumbe- Mukasa, Makindu Close, and Nakasero Lane.
From each street, samples were taken 3 times a day (Morning, Midday and Afternoon) for 7 days. The sampling frequency of every spot was thus 21 times.
Makindu Close and Nakasero Lane are known for green vegetation, 6th Street is known for buildings and industrial zones, while Namirembe Road and Owino
Kafumbe- Mukasa are known for car parks. A negative coefficient for humidity indicated that higher humidity levels are associated with low PM2.5 concentrations.
The relationship between temperature and PM2.5 in the morning showed a slight positive trend, suggesting that PM2.5 levels may increase slightly as temperatures rise. Significant negative impact for several sites indicated that compared to the reference site (6th Street Industrial Area), other sites had lower PM2.5 levels. Both PM2.5 and PM10 levels had broader distributions in the morning and evening, indicating more significant variability in particulate matter concentrations during these times. CO levels were variable in the evening, with several sites showing higher concentrations. NO2 levels showed variability across different times, with the highest spread in the evening, indicating increased variability of nitrogen dioxide concentrations during that period. Makindu Close Kololo showed relatively stable levels across the day compared to other sites justifying the importance of green vegetated areas in improving air quality by absorbing pollutants.
The Impact of Urban Green Spaces and Built Environments on Air Quality in Kampala City: A Comparative Analysis
(Journal of Environment, 2025-04-06) Ddumba, Jorum; Shaban, Kato Stonewall; Labeja, Richard Louis; Katyal, Sonal
Purpose: The study analyzed the multifaceted dynamics between green vegetated areas and built environments on air quality within Kampala City. Six (6) streets were sampled: - Nasser Lane, 6th Street, Namirembe Road, Owino Kafumbe- Mukasa, Makindu Close, and Nakasero Lane. Makindu Close and Nakasero Lane are known for green vegetation, 6th Street is known for buildings and industrial zones, while Namirembe Road and Owino Kafumbe- Mukasa are known for car parks.
Methodology: The survey used cross-sectional studies and quantitative approaches during data collection and analysis. The air quality parameters sampled included Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), and Carbon monoxide (CO) from various points within the city center.
Findings: Results showed that the 6th Street industrial area was the most polluted area of the city, with PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 exceeding the World Health Organization’s (WHO) recommended 2021 Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) levels by 100%, 86.96% and 100%, respectively. Namirembe Road and Owino Kafumbe- Mukasa were also polluted with Carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide and Nitrogen dioxide. However, Owino Kafumbe-Mukasa’s Carbon monoxide levels exceeded WHO’s recommended Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) levels by 95.65%. Nkrumah-Nasser Lane and Nakasero Lane had mostly non-significant or less significant effects on pollutant levels. Makindu Close was less polluted; results indicated better air quality, especially with NO2.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: Increasing green vegetation within the city is thus recommended to improve air purity, as evidenced in the Makindu Close and Nakasero Lane analysis. This research demonstrates a clear inverse relationship between green cover and pollutant levels, offering empirical evidence to support the promotion of urban greening initiatives as a practical solution to air quality challenges in rapidly developing cities like Kampala.
Exploring the utilization of postabortion care services and related factors among women at a tertiary health facility in Gulu, Northern Uganda
(Sega Sexual and Reproductive Health Across Africa: Challenges and Opportunities, 2024-10-11) Ayikoru, Jackline; Opee, Jimmy; Bongomin, Felix; Atim, S.Fiona; Pebalo Pebolo, Francis
Background: Abortion-related complications are the third leading cause of maternal mortality in Uganda, accounting
for approximately one-fourth of all maternal deaths. Most are preventable through adequate use of the full package of
postabortion care (PAC) services.
Objective: We aimed to assess the level of utilization of PAC services and the associated sociodemographic, obstetric,
gynecological, and system-related factors at a high-volume tertiary health facility in Northern Uganda.
Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among women receiving PAC at the Gulu Regional Referral Hospital
from March 2023 to June 2023. Participants were recruited consecutively and exit interviews were conducted using
structured questionnaires.
Methods: Utilization of PAC was defined as the use of four or more of the following: counseling, emergency treatment,
family planning services, linkage to other sexual and reproductive health services, and community health service provider
cooperation. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of PAC utilization.
Results: A total of 364 participants were enrolled in the study. Overall, 21.1% (n = 77) of the participants had used four
or more PAC services. Having a supportive partner (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR): 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI):
1.19–2.88, p = 0.006), knowledge on PAC services (aPR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.19–2.48, p = 0.004), low parity (aPR: 2.2, 95% CI:
1.16–4.35, p = 0.016), nulliparity (aPR: 2.4 95% CI: 1.19–4.73, p = 0.014), and provision of privacy(physical privacy during
prescription, counseling, procedures) (aPR: 2.3 95% CI: 1.14–4.47, p = 0.02), were significantly associated with utilization
of PAC.
Overall, only one in five participants utilized four or more PAC services. Use of four or more PAC services was
significantly associated with women having a supportive partner, knowledge of PAC services, low parity, nulliparity, and
provision of privacy while receiving PAC services.
Conclusion: Approaches such as advocating male partner involvement, bridging the knowledge gap through health
education, and promoting respectful care may improve the utilization of PAC services.
Microfinance credit terms and the performance of women-owned enterprises in Obongi district
(Gulu University, 2024-04) Abdullai Sebbi Ajagason
The study investigated the effect of Microfinance Credit Terms on the Performance of Women –Owned Enterprises in Obongi District, West Nile Region, Uganda . Specifically, the study objectives were, to examine themicrofinance credit terms issued to women-owned enterprises, to examine the status of performance of women- owned enterprises, to investigate the relationship between credit terms and performance of women-owned enterprises, to determine the relationship between management policy and performance of Women-owned enterprises. The study adopted a descriptive and cross sectional study design supported by qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sample size of 133 respondents was considered. Questionnaire was used to generate data which was analyzed and presented using SPSS. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis Results show that Performance of women-owned enterprises in Obongi District was average. The qualitative analysis revealed that the overall performance of women-owned ventures in the district is not exceptional. This suggests that there is room for improvement and intervention to enhance the performance of these enterprises. Furthermore, Micro-finance credit terms are stringent and unfavorable: The qualitative findings indicate that the current micro-finance credit terms are perceived as stringent and unfavorable for women-owned enterprises.This suggests that the existing credit terms may pose challenges and constraints for these businesses in accessing and utilizing financial resources effectively. The study recommends that Microfinance Institutions should review and revise microfinance credit terms. This is so because the study indicates that the current credit terms are stringent and unfavorable for women-owned enterprises. It is recommended to review and revise these terms to make them more favorable and accommodating for women entrepreneurs. This may involve considering lower interest rates, flexible repayment periods, and other terms that better align with the specific needs and constraints of women-owned businesses. The study concludes that an emphasis should be put on interventions and policy changes to improve the performance of women-owned enterprises in Obongi District. This includes revising micro-finance credit terms, addressing high interest rates, promoting flexible repayment periods, and implementing supportive management policies. These measures can contribute to creating a more enabling environment for women entrepreneurs and enhance the overall performance and sustainability of their ventures.
Efficacy of the Gulu University Reproductive Health Simulation Training for final year medical students and interns: a before-and-after study
(Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health, 2024-04-09) Pebalo Pebolo , Francis; Okot, Jerom; Bongomin , Felix; Awor, Silvia; Arwinyo, Baifa; Ojara, Sande; Opee, Jimmyy; Jackline, Ayikoru; Ssennuni, Eric; Ouma, Simple
Background: Reproductive health emergencies, such as postpartum hemorrhage, contribute significantly to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in Uganda due to knowledge and skills gaps. Medical interns, intern midwives, and nurses are crucial as frontline healthcare workers in responding to these emergencies. Our proposed hands-on strategy involves comprehensive simulation-based training (SBT) to equip these healthcare workers with the essential knowledge to manage common reproductive health emergencies and procedures in the country. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive SBT in improving the knowledge of interns and fifth-year medical students on reproductive health emergencies and procedures at Gulu University and its Teaching Hospitals in Uganda. Design: A before-and-after study. Methods: A 4-day SBT was conducted for fifth-year medical students and interns (nurses, midwives, and doctors) at Gulu University Teaching Hospitals, focusing on reproductive health emergencies. Pre- and post-tests with 40 multiple-choice questions were used to evaluate knowledge enhancement, the scores were summarized as medians and interquartile ranges. Paired sample t-tests was used to test the difference in pre- and post-test scores. Independent sample t-tests compared median post-test results between interns and students, with a p-value