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Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for selection within Ugandan indigenous chickens
(Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2023-02-25) Beyihayo, Geoffrey Akiiki; Kugonza, Donald Rugira; Ndyomugyenyi, Elly K.; Echodu, Richard; Okot, Marion W.; Anjos, Filomena Dos
The high genetic variation within indigenous chickens (IC) which provides an opportunity to select superior stock for sustainable production and conservation is under-exploited. This study is aimed at estimating heritability and genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of productive and reproductive traits of Ugandan IC as a basis for selection. Data on traits were collected across two consecutive generations, weight (W) and shank length (SL) of chicks at hatching (HW) as well as at 2 (W2; SL2), 4 (W4; SL4), 6 (W6; SL6), 8 (W8; SL8), and 12 (W12; SL12) weeks of growth. Body weights at onset of lay (WFE) were also measured. In addition, egg number (EN-60), egg weight (EW), clutch number (CLN-60), and clutch size (CLS-60) over a period of 60 days were recorded. Genetic parameters were estimated using the univariate animal model analysis with restricted maximum likelihood procedure using the variability package of R, version 4.1.1. Heritability of traits ranged from 0.30 and 0.72 except SL4 (0.02), SL12 (0.14), and EN-60 (0.17). The traits EN-60 and W4 were negatively phenotypically correlated (− 0.49). Body weight at first egg was highly genetically correlated (0.99) with SL8. Egg number was significantly, negatively, and genetically correlated (− 0.96) with SL12. In conclusion, shank length is a potential phenotypic marker when selecting for live weight at onset of lay and egg yield. The shank length could, therefore, permit selection of superior chickens at an early age.
Indigenous Technical Knowledge and Its Potential Application to Uganda's Pig Sub‐Sector
(Wiley‐VCH GmbH, 2024-10-22) Kasima, Junior Senyonga; Kidega, Kenneth; Mugonola, Basil; Muyinza, Harriet; Kizza‐Nkambwe, Sarah; Beyihayo, Geoffrey Akiiki; Nokrach, James; Mpewo, Maxmillan; Kisaame, Marx; Ndyomugyenyi, Elly Kurobuza
Uganda's pork consumption is speculated to exceed any other livestock meat consumption by 2050. However, the current trend in pig production may not meet the demand due to pig production constraints such as recurrent disease incidences and high feeding costs. The proposed modern practices are not cost-effective, especially for resource-constrained pig farmers. This review, therefore, synthesises previous studies on the practicability of integrating Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) in pig production to mitigate the prevailing pig production challenges in Uganda. By employing ITK, smallholder farmers have realised that indigenous pig breeds are disease-resistant and suit the prevailing harsh tropical conditions. In addition, affordable plant-based concoctions have been developed to cure diseases in pigs. For example, Centella asiatica has been identified as a potential purgative for diarrhoeal infections. Integrating pigs in cropping systems has also been adopted as a low-cost alternative to effectively feed pigs for optimal performance. Fortunately, most of the ITK options for solving pig production challenges are feasible in Uganda. Thus, ITK should be embedded in the country's extension system to increase smallholder farmers' awareness about its potential of improving pig production. An ITK-modern technology integration would probably meet the acceptance and be suitable for commercial pig producers.
Modelling Academic Performance in Science-Based Subjects in Primary Schools Using Elements of Teacher Preparation in Uganda
(EAST AFRICAN NATURE & SCIENCE ORGANIZATION, 2023-05-16) Wafula,Alfred; Oriangi,George; Odama,; Ofoyuru,Denis Thadeus; Ogwang,Henry; Ologe,Daniel Ochieng
Low academic performance in science subjects has continued to
characterise primary education in sub–Saharan Africa, despite several
interventions by stakeholders. This study investigated the influence of
teachers’ preparation for teaching and learning on pupils’ academic
performance in mathematics and integrated science in Kigumba town
council in Uganda. It used a cross-sectional survey design with a sample
size of 180 teachers and pupils from both government-aided and
privately funded schools. Interviews were used to collect data.
Descriptive statistics was used to determine teachers’ level of preparation
for teaching and learners’ level of academic performance, while a
regression model was used to establish the influence of teacher’s
preparation on pupils’ academic performance. Findings indicate that
teachers’ level of preparation was generally good and significantly
(P<0.05) influenced by their teaching experience and access to insurance.
Furthermore, academic performance in mathematics and integrated
science was significantly influenced by teacher preparation (P<0.05)
arising from lesson planning, updating learners’ discipline records, and
creativity. In conclusion, teachers need to continue being creative,
planning lessons on a daily basis, and updating learners’ discipline
records in order to improve pupil performance. In turn, the government
needs to provide teachers with insurance coverage, e.g., health insurance,
in order to free more of their time for lesson preparation. The study
informs education and economic planning policies.
Modelling Academic Performance in Science-Based Subjects in Primary Schools in Uganda
(EAST AFRICAN NATURE & SCIENCE ORGANIZATION, 2023) Wafula, Alfred; Oriangi,George; Odama,Stephene; Ologe,Daniel Ochieng
Poor academic performance in science subjects continues to be a major setback in schools of developing countries, despite several interventions to curb the vice. This study investigated the trend in academic performance in mathematics and integrated science in Kigumba town council in Kiryandongo district in Uganda. It used a retrospective cohort analysis design of 8 government-aided and privately funded primary schools while employing documentary analysis to obtain primary leaving examinations (PLE) results. PLE data obtained using documentary analysis was subjected to trend analysis to determine trends in pupils’ performance in the last decade. The findings indicate that performance in mathematics and integrated science in private schools was better than that in government schools over the last decade. In conclusion, teachers in Ugandan government primary schools need to be more committed to teaching mathematics and integrated science so as to improve the academic performance of pupils. In turn, the government and other stakeholders need to provide the necessary prerequisites to enable the teachers to do their work effectively.
Variabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes of Mt. Elgon, Uganda
(water, 2021-06-30) Luwa,Justine Kilama; Majaliwa,Jackson Gilbert Mwajalolo; Bamutaze,Yazidhi; Kabenge,Isa Pilesjo; Oriangi, George; Mukengere,Espoir Bagula
The variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV > 30) for August, September, October, and November (ASON) seasonal rainfall, while annual rainfall had a moderate coefficient of variation (20 ˂ CV ˂ 30). The trend analysis shows that ASON minimum and mean
temperatures increased at α = 0.001 and α = 0.05 levels of significance, respectively in both stations and over the entire catchment. Furthermore, the annual and March, April, and May (MAM) river increased at an α = 0.05 level of significance. A total of 14 extremely wet and dry events occurred in the sub-catchment during the post-2000 period, as compared to five in the pre-2000. The significantly increased trend of river flow could be attributed to the
impacts of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, future studies may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land-use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment. may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land use
changes on water resources in the sub-catchment