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Appraising Bioenergy Alternatives in Uganda Using Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)-Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a Desirability Functions Approach
(Energies, 2014-02-26) Okello, Collins; Pindozzi, Stefania; Faugno, Salvatore; Boccia, Lorenzo
Poor access to clean and reliable energy technologies is a major challenge to most developing countries. The decision to introduce new technologies is often faced by low adoption rates or even public opposition. In addition, the data required for effective decision making is often inadequate or even lacking, thus constraining the planning process. In this study, a methodology for participatory appraisal of technologies, integrating desirability functions to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT)-analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology was developed. Application of the methodology was illustrated with an example for participatory appraisal of four bioenergy technologies in Uganda. Results showed that the methodology is effective in evaluating stakeholder preferences for bioenergy technologies. It showed a high potential to be used to identify and rate factors that stakeholders take into consideration when selecting bioenergy systems. The method could be used as a tool for technology screening, or reaching consensus in a participatory setup in a transparent manner.
Heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in agricultural communities around steel and iron industries in Uganda: implications for future food systems
(ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BIOAVAILABILITY, 2023-06-19) Mpewo, Maxmillan; Kizza-Nkambwe, Sarah; Kasima, Junior Senyonga
Poor management of effluents from steel and iron industries could increase element concentrations in the environment and threaten the health of consumers of food products from these areas. The current study assessed element concentration and physicochemical properties of soils, water, and vegetation from within 200 m around three steel and iron industries. A workable grid-based sampling design guided soil and plant sampling; upstream-downstream
water quality comparisons were adapted with upstream as a control sample. Analyses were conducted following procedures by USEPA method 3051A. Element concentration was in the order Mn>As>Zn>Cr>Pb. The concentrations reduced with increase in distance from the industry. There was moderate-to-strong pollution of soils for As, and transfer factor for all elements was >1. In conclusion, industrial activity might have contributed to increased element
concentrations in the soils, vegetation, and water sources around the industries. Agrarian activities may only be safely carried out 151m away from the industries.
Ruins and Memory of Lotuturu Hill in Lamwo District: Tracing Idi Amin’s Presence in Local Narratives and Landscapes in Northern Uganda
(EANSO, 2026-02-24) Alidri Agatha; Okello Simon; Laker Angioleta Katya
This research investigates the historical significance and contemporary memory of Lotuturu Hill in Lamwo District, Northern Uganda, by examining how its physical ruins and local oral narratives represent “past politics” and contribute to 21st-century nation-building. Historically utilised as a strategic British rest camp and later transformed by Idi Amin into a high-altitude “jungle paradise” for top-secret governance, the site is currently characterised by skeletal structures that embody a complex duality of colonial defence and post-colonial surveillance. Utilising historical accounts, digital archival and secondary data review as the methodology, the study aimed to bridge the gap between official history and local memory, including colonial legends of King George VI’s wartime hideout. Findings reveal a dual legacy: the "Birmingham of Uganda" hideout for the British Royal Family during World War II and a "jungle paradise" where Idi Amin convened top-secret meetings. The study concludes that while Lotuturu remains a powerful symbol of identity for the Acholi people, it is suffering from profound environmental decay and institutional neglect. Thus, the paper argues for the urgent documentation of these narratives and the rehabilitation of the site’s infrastructure to unlock its potential for cultural tourism and historical education, preventing the permanent erasure of this vital landscape from Uganda's national heritage.
Unpacking the Concept “Green Charcoal,” A Cooking Fuel Innovation: The Gulu University Interdisciplinary Experience
(EANSO, 2025-08-04) Alidri Agatha; Atube Francis; Okello Simon; Aoyo Christine; Ringitho Robert; Okello Collins; Okumu Charles
Introduction: This paper reviews the concept of "Green Charcoal," drawing extensively on lessons learned from the UPCHAIN project implemented at Gulu University. Methodology: Based on research conducted by Work Package Two of the UPCHAIN project, complemented by a comprehensive literature review, this study examines the definitional ambiguities, practical challenges, and socio-environmental considerations inherent in developing sustainable charcoal alternatives within the unique context of Northern Uganda. Key results: The study defines Green charcoal as a clean, eco-friendly solid biofuel produced through the carbonisation or densification of biodegradable, carbon-rich organic waste materials such as agricultural residues, forestry by-products, and household waste using efficient, often mechanised, briquetting technologies. Historically, firewood and traditional charcoal have been the primary cooking fuels in the region, valued for their affordability and accessibility. Green charcoal is now emerging as a promising, sustainable alternative, marking a potential shift in the energy landscape. Households across both rural and urban settings commonly employ a combination of cooking fuels. There are vast definitions for green charcoal, coupled with acceptances and rejections. Conclusion: Most households in the region still depend on firewood and traditional charcoal because they are affordable and easy to get. Challenges in access and distribution, coupled with fierce competition from the informal traditional charcoal sector, complicate the widespread acceptance of green charcoal. Green charcoal has been embraced because of its environmental benefits (less deforestation), health advantages (less smoke), economic potential, and the availability of local raw materials. However, it's often rejected due to higher initial costs, being harder to light, producing more ash, not fitting traditional cooking methods, and inconsistent quality. Recommendations: Addressing affordability and accessibility gaps, integrate green charcoal with existing cultural norms and practices, integrating green charcoal with existing cultural norms and practices, and enhancing perceived value and usability.
Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health Treatment-Seeking Behaviour in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic in Gulu City, Northern Uganda
(EANSO, 2025-11-21) Alidri Agatha; Uramba Kayen Emily; Anicia Filda; Apio Winnie; Ochen Patrick; Kabwijamu Patrick; Okello Simon; Giramiya Esther; Musaasizi Richard; Tumanye Samson; Awor Susan; Nyamungu Proscovia
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown from March 2020 to
2022 had massive effects on adolescent and youth reproductive health
treatment-seeking behaviour in Acholi Sub-Region in Northern Uganda. Sexual Reproductive Health and STIs-related treatment-seeking was examined among adolescents and youth attending a public Sexual Reproductive Health clinic in Gulu Regional Referral Hospital and Reproductive Health-Uganda facility in Gulu City. Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, the study explored adolescent and youth knowledge, practice, and perspective on reproductive health treatment seeking, and why they make the choices they make. It delves into non-statistical data like texts, interviews, observations, and images to uncover rich insights, perceptions, meanings, and patterns in the SRH of young persons. Findings: Treatment-seeking was perceived as the action of searching for help for SRH problems from informal or formal sources. More women than men sought care in the government sector. Similarly, more women than men went to the informal health sector, mostly to traditional healers. Young persons confided in their peers and shunned seeking treatment from government hospitals due to stigma. Conclusion: The response of young people to STI infections and treatment-seeking behaviour was never predictable. Social cultural stereotypes, misinformation, and lack of access to information on SRH and STIs continue to exist. Most adolescents and youth continue to seek self medication. Recommendations: The study recommends strengthening
community-based services, integration of technology to provide confidential
information and remote consultations, developing crisis-reproductive health
systems, and a more targeted public education campaign.