Browsing by Author "Ndyomugyenyi, E. K."
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Item Characterization of the Chemical Composition of Raw and Treated Jackfruit (Artocarpus Heterophyllus) and Java Plum (Syzygium Cumini) Beans for Poultry Feeding(Journal of Animal Science Advances, 2014-11-30) Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Okot, M. W.; Mutetikka, D.The chemical composition of Jackfruit beans (JFB) and Java plum beans (JPB) was investigated to establish their nutritive value for poultry. The beans were soaked in water before subjecting them to the following treatments: fermented in presence of wood ash (SFWA); boiled (SB); roasted (SR); autoclaved (SA); fermented after boiling (SBF); roasted after fermentation (SFR); and a combination of boiling, fermentation and roasting (SBFR). Screening to identify phytochemical compounds and quantify anti-nutrients in the raw beans; determining the content of anti-nutrients in treated beans were conducted. Additionally, proximate composition, minerals, and metabolisable energy (ME) of raw and treated beans were determined. Most (>70%) phytochemical compounds in raw JFB and JPB were anti-nutrients and included sterols, triterpenes, courmarins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, saponins and steroid glycosides. Raw JFB and JPB had 1.11, 2.44% tannins; 1.00, 1.54 % oxalates; 0.754, 0.714% phytates respectively. Tannins in raw JFB were reduced by 88.7, 88.5, 85.9 and 84.5% in SFR, SBF, SB and SBFR treatments respectively. Oxalates in JFB were reduced by 85.3% and 81.2% in SBF and SBFR treatments respectively. Proximate composition, minerals, and ME of raw JFB and JPB was 92.5, 91.0% DM; 15.1, 4.42% CP; 0.983, 0.400% EE; 4.20, 3.44% CF; 3.78, 2.17% ash; 74.0, 88.6% NFE; 13.3, 13.2 MJ/kg ME; 0.456, 0.430% Na; 0.611, 0.481% Ca; 0.222, 0.088% P; 1.53, 0.895% K respectively. The method of treatment had no effect (P˃0.05) on CF of JFB. Method of treatment had a significant (P˂0.05) effect on CP, NFE, ME, DM, ash, P, K, Na, and Ca for JFB. Method of treatment had no significant (P˃0.05) effect on CF and CP for JPB but DM, ash, EE, NFE, ME, P, K, Na, and Ca were affected (P˂0.05). The SBF and SBFR reduced tannins and oxalates from raw JFB by more than 80%. The major nutrient in JFB and JPB is energy.Item Effect of Different Floor Types on Growth Performance of Pigs and Carcass Back-Fat Thickness(London Journal of Research in Science: Natural and Formal, 2021) Kidega, K.; Aliro, T.; Mugonola, B.; Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Okello-Uma, I.Pig production (Sus scrofa domesticus) amongst smallholder farmers is constrained by poor growth performances in terms of feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and, high proportion of carcass back-fat thickness to lean meat. This study investigated the effect of floor types on growth performance of pigs and carcass back-fat thickness of pigs raised on IMO treated deep litter floor, untreated deep litter floor and concrete floor.Three-month old pigs (Large White x Landrace) were raised on a deep litter floor and concrete floor (control); one type of deep litter floor was treated with IMO solution and one type not treated. No significant (P≥0.05) difference were observed in feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass back-fat thickness at the back from the 15th rib to the last Lumbar vertebrae, at gluteus medius muscle and the thigh of pigs raised on both concrete floor, IMO treated and untreated deep litter floor.Item Effectiveness of Indigenous Micro-Organism Treatment of Deep Litter Floor in Pig House Foul Odour Control(IAR Journal of Agriculture Research and Life Sciences, 2020-09-22) Mamawi, A.G.; Aliro, T.; Kidega , K.; Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) production amongst smallholder farmers is constrained by bad odour arising from pig houses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Indigenous Microorganisms (IMO) treatment of deep litter floor in controlling bad odour emission from pig houses of IMO treated and untreated deep litter floor. Twenty four three-month old pigs (Large White x Landrace) were raised on deep litter floor; one floor type treated with IMO solution and control not treated. Significant (LSD≤0.05) differences were observed in bad odour intensity of extremely strong, very strong, strong, distinct, weak, and very weak at a distance of 0 to 40 metres from pig houses of IMO treated and untreated deep litter floor; with high intensity of bad odour (16.9%) arising from untreated deep litter floor houses than IMO treated litter floor (0.4%). Therefore, deep litter floor treatment with IMO solution does not eliminate bad odour from pig house but rather reduces the intensity of foul odour to a level which is environmentally friendly and acceptable to the people living around the piggery. Further research should be conducted to determine IMO lifespan in vitro of their natural habitat for efficient storage, packaging and frequency of its application on different organic bedding materials.Item Enhancing pig production and marketing for smallholder farmers in Northern Uganda(The RUFORUM Sixth Biennial Regional Conference, 2018-10-22) Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Odongo, W.; Okello, D. M.; Mutetikka, D.; Ouma, E.; Okot, M. W.Pig production is suited to smallholder production because pigs have unique characteristics such as faster growth rates, ability to be kept on small pieces of land, high multiplication rates, ability to feed on many feedstuffs, and pig products have ready market. However, pig production is constrained by unavailability of quality feeds and unsustainable use of local feed resources; poor breeds; ready markets for pig products are not reliable; inadequate extension services; and odour in pig houses. This study aims to address key constraints in pig production and marketing by promoting sustainable breeding, management and marketing practices. The objective is being achieved using: (1) multistakeholder platform comprising of farmers, TVET and University students; private sector, CBO, traders, pork joint operators and input dealers; (2) collaborative community action research and dissemination; (3) communication to enhance community engagement and joint learning; (4) experiential learning and sharing experiences. Before the project started, a baseline survey was conducted in the districts of Kitgum, Gulu and Omoro. The baseline survey showed that 87.5% of pig farmers were married; 72.9% were males, and average age was 33 years. Apart from pigs, farmers grew mainly simsim, cassava, maize, millet, sorghum, sweet potatoes, and reared chickens, and goats and 95.8% of them had limited access to extension services. Most (93.8%) farmers sold live pigs, and 22.9% of them sold the pigs to roasters and butchers. All farmers used natural mating for breeding compared to only 2% who used Artificial insemination. Few (2%) farmers used Indigenous microorganisms to control smell from pig houses. Most farmers reported that diseases (89.6%) and feed scarcity (43.8%) were the major limitations to pig production. In order to increase smallholder pig production in northern Uganda, there is need to improve pig value chain through feeding, nsorthern Uganda, value addition, and marketing.Item Evaluation of the nutritional value of soaked-boiled fermented Java plum (Syzygium cumini) seed meal for poultry(African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016-06-30) Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Okot, M. W.; Mutetikka, D.Chemical analysis, apparent metabolizable energy (MEn), and one feeding trial were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Java plum seeds (JPS) that had been subjected to a combination of soaking, boiling, and fermentation (SBF). Five broiler starter diets were formulated with the processed Java plum seed meal (JPSM) comprising 0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 g/kg of the diet. The JPS before and after processing contained 910±5.30 and 888±6.10 g DM; 44.2±0.940 and 48.1±1.02 g CP; 886±9.90 and 888±6.54 g NFE; and 13.2± 0.165 and 13.3±0.154 MJ calculated metabolizable energy; 24.4±1.33 and 9.17±0.940 g tannins per kg, respectively. The MEn value of the processed JPSM was 14.7±0.973 MJ/kg. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and feed efficiency (FCR) of broiler chicks decreased (R2 ˃ 0.850) with increasing JPSM in the diet. At 80 and 320 g/kg inclusion, FI, WG, and FCR were depressed by 16.0 and 34.1%, 20.2 and 42.5%, and 4.90 and 12.5%, respectively. Liver, heart, and pancreas weights relative to body weight were not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) affected. However, caecum, gizzard, and intestine weights increased (R2 ˃ 0.800), while the heart weight decreased (R2 = 0.772) with increasing JPSM in the diet. At 80 and 320 g/kg JPSM inclusion, weights of caecum, intestine, and gizzard increased by 48.5 and 68.2%, 18.8 and 43.5%, and 9.55 and 19.2%, respectively. Inclusion of JPSM in chick diets adversely (P < 0.05) affected nitrogen retention (NR), nitrogen digestibility (ND), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and excreta water content (EWC). At 320 g/kg JPSM inclusion, NR, ND, DMD, and EWC were depressed by 30.8, 12.6, 0.42, and 2.45%, respectively. No mortality was recorded at 320 g/kg JPSM inclusion. The SBF did not improve the nutritional value of JPS for poultry production.Item Impact of Community Action Research Project (CARP+1) on the livelihoods of smallholder pig farmers in northern Uganda(RUFORUM Working Document Series, 2021-12-06) Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Kidega, K.Pig production in Uganda is largely constrained by high feed costs, poor breeds, foul smell in pig houses, and the fact that markets are not reliable for live pigs and products. To address the constraints, the Community Action Research Project (CARP+1) introduced user-friendly interventions to smallholder pig farmers in northern Uganda. This study aimed to establish the impact of the CARP+1 interventions on pig production and livelihoods of the smallholder pig farmers. Data were collected from 75 purposively selected farmers out of the 109 who kept pigs at the start of the CARP+1. Structured questionnaires, observations and interviews were used to collect the data. The number of farmers who were not keeping pigs decreased by 85.8% as a result of CARP+1 intervention. Farmers who kept over 16 pigs increased (P≤0.05) from 0.00% to 3% after the intervention. Farmers who earned over Ugx 1,600,000 (annually) from pig production increased (P≤0.05) from 3.3% to 13.2% after the intervention. As a result of the CARP+1 intervention, pig farmers were able to pay school fees for their children (63.3%) and purchase foodstuffs for their families (56.7%). Pig farmers (96.7%) were able to use the knowledge they got from the CARP+1 to improve the housing condition of pigs using deep floor on which indigenous microorganism liquid was applied, formulate cheap feed from local feedstuffs and disease control. In conclusion, the CARP+1 intervention significantly improved pig production and livelihoods of smallholder pig farmers in northern Uganda.Item University-BTVET-Community Convergence in promoting pig production amongst smallholder farmers in Northern Uganda(RUFORUM Working Document Series, 2018-10-22) Tebere, L.; Aliro, T.; Ndyomugyenyi, E. K.; Odongo, W.Business, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (BTVET) has the potential of increasing productivity and incomes. In an education system whose curricula favours white collar jobs over blue collar jobs, technical and vocational training has long been seen as a path for failures and school dropouts from the academic path. This attitude diminished the importance of BTVETs as the engine to drive workforce productivity and employment. However, recent transformations have re-emphasized the importance of BTVETs to economic development. Current challenges to BTVETs relate to the mismatch between the training curricula and the labour market needs, limited financing and limited access to BTVET education by the poor and vulnerable groups. These limitations has meant that most BTVETs delivers poor quality training that ultimately generates under-trained technicians that do not meet the market needs for the graduates. To address some of these limitations, Northern Uganda Youth Development Centre (NUYDC) was established to offer quality, and subsidised technical and vocational training to vulnerable youths in Northern Uganda. Further, NUYDC is collaborating with the Faculty of Agriculture and Environment at Gulu University to provide the link between knowledge generation, dissemination and uptake by farmers. The collaboration with Gulu University also involves the design and implementation of targeted agricultural trainings that meet the needs of smallholder farmers. The expected outcome is a trained workforce with relevant skills to contribute to community development.