Universal Primary Education in East Africa: Globalisation and Local Enactment

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dc.contributor.authorOgwang, Tom Henry
dc.contributor.authorOkumu, John Bismarck
dc.contributor.authorOpio, George
dc.contributor.authorOriange, George
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T11:51:32Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T11:51:32Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-23
dc.description.abstractUniversal Primary Education (UPE) was launched in Uganda in 1997, Tanzania in 2001, and Kenya in 2003, marking their actualisation of Education for All’s (EfA) globalisation of primary education. This chapter investigates EfA’s reform of UPE in partnership with the three East African countries, premised on the following question: What underlined EfA’s globalisation of UPE in East Africa? What entailed UPE’s local enactment, and why did the reforms succeed or fail? It combines an in-depth literature review, secondary document analysis, and a case study of two UPE schools in Uganda. The ndings reveal that in globalising UPE, EfA advocated four policy technologies: top-down performance management, competition and contestability, choice and voice, and capability and capacity to standardise primary education. In alignment with EfA, the East African countries enacted performativity, liberalisation, universalisation, and reprofessionalisation of teachers. Owing to contextual imperatives, they prudently recontextualised the policy technologies. Uganda chose gradual universalisation with four children per household, Kenya opted for deconcentration instead of decentralisation, while Tanzania opted for gradual liberalisation leading to hybridity. Contrary to their intended goals, the reforms have culminated mainly in rst-order changes, such as high gross rather than net enrolment. This study argues that reform implementers should respond to contextual conditions to offset their confounding effects.
dc.identifier.citationOgwang, T. H., Okumu, J. B., George, O., & George, O. (2026). Universal Primary Education in East Africa: Globalisation and Local Enactment.
dc.identifier.isbn9780197826706
dc.identifier.issn9780197826676
dc.identifier.uri10.1093/9780197826706.001.0001
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/891
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherThe Oxford Handbook of Education in Africa
dc.subjectglobalisation
dc.subjectcurriculum enactment
dc.subjectEducation for All
dc.subjectuniversal primary education
dc.subjectEast Africa
dc.titleUniversal Primary Education in East Africa: Globalisation and Local Enactment
dc.typeBook chapter

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