HISTORICISING THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON HISTORICAL SITES: A CASE OF NYERO ROCK PAINTING IN KUMI DISTRICT (1950 – 2023)

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dc.contributor.authorOUMA EMMANUEL
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-27T11:58:13Z
dc.date.available2026-10-27T11:58:13Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-28
dc.description.abstractThis study historicised the effects of human activities on historical sites, a case study of Nyero Rock Painting in Kumi District, Eastern Uganda (1950 - 2023). The specific objectives of the study were: i) To explore the status of Nyero Rock Painting historical site by 1950, ii) To establish the current status of Nyero Rock Painting historical site, iii) To investigate the human activities that took place from 1950 to 2023 around Nyero Rock Painting historical site, and iv) To assess the effect of the human activities on Nyero Rock Painting historical site. The study used a qualitative approach with a historical-ethnographic research design combining ethnographic observations, oral history interviews, and historical surveys to explore the research questions of the study. Key findings indicate that historically, the site was a significant center of human settlement and activity, reinforced by existing oral histories, evidence of preserved animal and human bones, pottery, hunting tools, and grinding stones. The original paintings and inscriptions were clear, serving as communication, storytelling, or ritualistic expression. The current condition of the site is deteriorating, with fading paintings and damaged vegetation, and the site is currently used for academic tours, tourism, cultural/spiritual practices, recreation, grazing, and farming. Equally, these activities have had mixed effects. While some are positive, negative impacts include vandalism, habitat disruption, deforestation, and encroachment, all threatening the site’s preservation. The study concluded that while the site was historically important with clear visual expressions, its current condition is poor and threatened by human activities. Lastly, the study recommends implementing sustainable tourism strategies and increasing community engagement and education to enhance the site’s relevance and promote its preservation. The study contributes new knowledge by integrating oral histories and local narratives into the conservation discourse, providing a long-term historical perspective on human-site interactions, and offering evidence-based recommendations grounded in community experiences.
dc.identifier.citationOUMA EMMANUEL(2026)HISTORICISING THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON HISTORICAL SITES: A CASE OF NYERO ROCK PAINTING IN KUMI DISTRICT (1950 – 2023)
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/1045
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherGulu University
dc.subjectHuman activities
dc.subjectNyero Rock Painting
dc.subjectKumi District
dc.subjectEastern Uganda
dc.titleHISTORICISING THE EFFECTS OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES ON HISTORICAL SITES: A CASE OF NYERO ROCK PAINTING IN KUMI DISTRICT (1950 – 2023)
dc.typeThesis

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