Comparison of Acid- and Base-Modified Biochar Derived from Douglas Fir for Removal of Copper (II) from Wastewater

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dc.contributor.authorBeatrice Arwenyo ,
dc.contributor.authorPrashan M. Rodrig
dc.contributor.authorOlalekan A. Olabode
dc.contributor.authorHashani P. Abeysingh
dc.contributor.authorJessie N. Tisdal
dc.contributor.authorRose C. Azuba
dc.contributor.authorTodd E. Mlsna
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-23T11:20:41Z
dc.date.available2026-04-23T11:20:41Z
dc.date.issued2024-03-01
dc.description.abstractCopper is a non-biodegradable heavy metal, and high levels in water bodies cause serious environmental and health issues. Douglas fir biochar has a higher number of carboxylic, phenolic, and lactonic groups, which provide suitable active sites for copper removal. Douglas fir biochar (BC) was modified using 20% solutions of KOH (KOH/BC), H2SO4, (H2SO4/BC), and Na2CO3 (Na2CO3/BC). All materials were characterized using SEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR, TGA, XRD, BET, and elemental analysis. These modifications were done to compare the activations of those sites by measuring copper removal efficiencies. KOH/BC, H2SO4/BC, and Na2CO3/BC materials gave surface areas of 389.3, 326.7, and 367.9 m2 g−1, respectively, compared with pristine biochar with a surface area of 578.9 m2 g−1. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities for Na2CO3/BC, KOH/BC, BC, and H2SO4/BC were 24.79, 18.31, 17.38, and 9.17 mg g−1, respectively. All three modifications gave faster kinetics at 2 mg/L initial copper concentrations (pH 5) compared with pristine BC. The copper removal efficiency was demonstrated in four different spiked real water matrices. The copper removals of all four water matrices were above 90% at 2 mg/L initial concentration with a 2 g/L biochar dosage. The competitive effects of Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Mg2+ were studied at equimolar concentrations of Cu2+ and competitive ions for all four materials.
dc.description.sponsorshipMississippi State University, the Department of Chemistry, the Fulbright Organization, and the US Department of State
dc.identifier.citationArwenyo, B.; Rodrigo, P.M.; Olabode, O.A.; Abeysinghe, H.P.; Tisdale, J.N.; Azuba, R.C.; Mlsna, T.E. Comparison of Acid- and BaseModified Biochar Derived from Douglas Fir for Removal of Copper (II) from Wastewater. Separations 2024, 11, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/ separations11030078
dc.identifier.issnhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ separations11030078
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/814
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSEPERATIONS:MDPI
dc.relation.ispartofseriesSeparations 2024, 11, 78
dc.subjectmodified biochar
dc.subjectwastewater
dc.subjectcopper
dc.subjectadsorbents
dc.titleComparison of Acid- and Base-Modified Biochar Derived from Douglas Fir for Removal of Copper (II) from Wastewater
dc.typeArticle

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