1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its derivatives in marketed Clarius werneri caught from Uganda’s major urban wetlands

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dc.contributor.authorNnamuyomba, Proscovia
dc.contributor.authorJolocam Mbabazi
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Ntale
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-07T11:47:18Z
dc.date.available2026-08-07T11:47:18Z
dc.date.issued2014-07-29
dc.description.abstractThe presence of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and derivatives in the Clarius werneri of Uganda’s major urban wetland ecosystems was investigated. Solid dispersion extraction method for extraction, florisil column method for clean-up, gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for analysis and gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) for confirmation of results were used in this study. The major DDT contaminants detected in the samples were p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDT which were found in 25, 22 and 21% of the samples, respectively. o,p’-DDD was detected in 19% and o,p’-DDT in 13% of the samples. For o,p’-DDE there were no measurable values since the levels were below limit of quantitation (LOQ). The concentrations of DDT derivatives ranged between ND-0.478 µg/kg for p,p’-DDE, ND-0.387 µg/kg for o,p’-DDD, ND-0.476 µg/kg for p,p’-DDD, ND-0.345 µg/kg o,p’-DDT and ND-0.556 µg/kg for p,p’- DDT. The concentration of total DDT in C. werneri was in the range of 1.111 to 1.328 µg/kg dry wt. Generally, all the samples had DDT derivative levels below the maximum residue limit recommended by Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Codex Alimentarius Commission.
dc.description.sponsorshipGulu University
dc.identifier.citationNnamuyomba, P., Mbabazi, J., & Ntale, M. (2014). 1, 1, 1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and its derivatives in marketed Clarius werneri caught from Uganda’s major urban wetlands.
dc.identifier.issn10.5897/JTEHS2014.0311
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/895
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVol. 6(5)
dc.subject1
dc.subject1-trichloro-2
dc.subject2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)
dc.subjectDDT derivatives
dc.subjectClarius werneri
dc.subjectUganda
dc.subjectwetlands.
dc.title1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its derivatives in marketed Clarius werneri caught from Uganda’s major urban wetlands
dc.typeArticle

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