Browsing by Author "Ssengooba, Willy"

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    Cardiovascular risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Uganda
    (BMC, 2022-10-10) Baruch Baluku, Joseph; Nabwana, Martin; Nalunjogi, Joanitah; Muttamba, Winters; Mubangizi, Ivan; Nakiyingi, Lydia; Ssengooba, Willy; Olum, Ronald; Bongomin, Felix; Andia-Biraro, Irene; Worodria, William
    Background Tuberculosis (TB) and its risk factors are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined the prevalence and associations of CVD risk factors among people with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) in Uganda. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled people with microbiologically confirmed DRTB at four treatment sites in Uganda between July to December 2021. The studied CVD risk factors were any history of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM) hypertension, high body mass index (BMI), central obesity and dyslipidaemia. We used modified Poisson regression models with robust standard errors to determine factors independently associated with each of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and central obesity. Results Among 212 participants, 118 (55.7%) had HIV. Overall, 196 (92.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 88.0-95.3) had≥1 CVD risk factor. The prevalence; 95% CI of individual CVD risk factors was: dyslipidaemia (62.5%; 55.4–69.1), hypertension (40.6%; 33.8–47.9), central obesity (39.3%; 32.9–46.1), smoking (36.3%; 30.1–43.1), high BMI (8.0%; 5.0–12.8) and DM (6.5%; 3.7–11.1). Dyslipidaemia was associated with an increase in glycated haemoglobin (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.14, 95%CI 1.06–1.22). Hypertension was associated with rural residence (aPR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14– 3.14) and previous history of smoking (aPR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.98). Central obesity was associated with increasing age (aPR 1.02, 95%CI 1.00–1.03), and elevated diastolic blood pressure (aPR 1.03 95%CI 1.00–1.06). Conclusion There is a high prevalence of CVD risk factors among people with DRTB in Uganda, of which dyslipidaemia is the commonest. We recommend integrated services for identification and management of CVD risk factors in DRTB.
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    Performance and cost-effectiveness of a pooled testing strategy for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction in Uganda
    (International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2021-10-21) Bogerea, Naghib; Bongominb, Felix; Katende, Andrew; Ssebambuliddee, Kenneth; Ssengooba, Willy; Ssenfuka, Henry; Kigozi, Edgar; Biraro, Samuel; Kateete, David P.; Andia-Biraro, Irene
    Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study tested the performance of a pooled testing strategy for RT-PCR and its cost-effectiveness. In total, 1280 leftover respiratory samples collected be tween 19 April and 6 May 2021 were tested in 128 pools of 10 samples each, out of which 16 pools were positive. The positivity rate of the unpooled samples was 1.9% (24/1280). After parallel testing using the individual and pooled testing strategies, positive agreement was 100% and negative agree ment was 99.8%. The overall median cycle threshold (Ct) value of the unpooled samples was 29.8 (in terquartile range 22.3–34.3). Pools that remained positive when compared with the results of individ ual samples had lower median Ct values compared with those that turned out to be negative (28.8 versus 34.8; P=0.0.035). Pooled testing reduced the cost >4-fold. Pooled testing may be a more cost effective approach to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 in resource-limited settings without compromising diagnostic performance.