Factors Associated With Mortality Among the COVID-19 Patients Treated at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study

dc.contributor.authorBaguma, Steven
dc.contributor.authorOkot, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorOnira Alema, Nelson
dc.contributor.authorPaska, Apiyo
dc.contributor.authorLayet, Paska
dc.contributor.authorAcullu, Denis
dc.contributor.authorNyeko Oloya, Johnson
dc.contributor.authorOchula, Denis
dc.contributor.authorAtim, Pamela
dc.contributor.authorOdong Olwedo, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorOkot, Smart Godfrey
dc.contributor.authorOyat, Freddy Wathum Drinkwater
dc.contributor.authorOola, Janet
dc.contributor.authorIkoona, Eric Nzirakaindi
dc.contributor.authorAloyo, Judith
dc.contributor.authorKitara, David Lagoro
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-20T12:29:45Z
dc.date.available2022-04-20T12:29:45Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-11
dc.descriptionWe acknowledge with many thanks to the assistance from the administration of Gulu Regional Referral Hospital for the information obtained. We recognize Dr. Laban Oketcho, SB, Dr. Anek Janet Schola, and Mr. Dominic Ogwal Savio for well-collected data. Mr. Lawence Oballim for conducting a comprehensive data analysis. Financial support from UMA Acholi branch members, which enabled the team to conduct this study successfully, is most appreciated. In honor of our two fallen colleagues (Co-authors), PL and JO, may their souls rest in peace!en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: The advent of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths worldwide. As of December 2021, there is inadequate data on the outcome of hospitalized patients suffering from COVID-19 in Africa. This study aimed at identifying factors associated with hospital mortality in patients who suffered from COVID-19 at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda from March 2020 to October 2021. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study in patients hospitalized with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in Northern Uganda. Socio-demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, co-morbidities, duration of hospital stay, and treatments were analyzed, and factors associated with the odds of mortality were determined. Results: Of the 664 patients treated, 661 (99.5%) were unvaccinated, 632 (95.2%) recovered and 32 (4.8%) died. Mortality was highest in diabetics 11 (34.4%), cardiovascular diseases 12 (37.5%), hypertensives 10 (31.3%), females 18 (56.3%), ≥50-year-olds 19 (59.4%), no formal education 14 (43.8%), peasant farmers 12 (37.5%) and those who presented with difficulty in breathing/shortness of breath and chest pain 32 (100.0%), oxygen saturation (SpO2) at admission <80 4 (12.5%), general body aches and pains 31 (96.9%), tiredness 30 (93.8%) and loss of speech and movements 11 (34.4%). The independent factors associated with mortality among the COVID-19 patients were females AOR = 0.220, 95%CI: 0.059–0.827; p = 0.030; Diabetes mellitus AOR = 9.014, 95%CI: 1.726–47.067; p = 0.010; Ages of 50 years and above AOR = 2.725, 95%CI: 1.187–6.258; p = 0.018; tiredness AOR = 0.059, 95%CI: 0.009–0.371; p < 0.001; general body aches and pains AOR = 0.066, 95%CI: 0.007–0.605; p = 0.020; loss of speech and movement AOR = 0.134, 95%CI: 0.270–0.660; p = 0.010 and other co-morbidities AOR = 6.860, 95%CI: 1.309–35.957; p = 0.020. Conclusion: The overall Gulu Regional Hospital mortality was 32/664 (4.8%). Older age, people with diabetics, females, other comorbidities, severe forms of the disease, and those admitted to HDU were significant risk factors associated with hospital mortality. More efforts should be made to provide “additional social protection” to the most vulnerable population to avoid preventable morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in Northern Uganda.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMost funding for this study was contributions of individual research members of the Uganda Medical Association (UMA) Acholi branch.en_US
dc.identifier.otherdoi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.841906
dc.identifier.urihttps://ir.gu.ac.ug/xmlui/handle/20.500.14270/137
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Public Healthen_US
dc.subjectCOVID-19,en_US
dc.subjectGulu Hospital,en_US
dc.subjectmortality,en_US
dc.subjectcomorbidities, femaleen_US
dc.titleFactors Associated With Mortality Among the COVID-19 Patients Treated at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Studyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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