Variabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes of Mt. Elgon, Uganda

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dc.contributor.authorLuwa,Justine Kilama
dc.contributor.authorMajaliwa,Jackson Gilbert Mwajalolo
dc.contributor.authorBamutaze,Yazidhi
dc.contributor.authorKabenge,Isa Pilesjo
dc.contributor.authorOriangi, George
dc.contributor.authorMukengere,Espoir Bagula
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-11T10:30:15Z
dc.date.available2025-11-11T10:30:15Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-30
dc.description.abstractThe variabilities in rainfall and temperature in a catchment affect water availability and sustainability. This study assessed the variabilities in rainfall and temperature (1981–2015) and river flow (1998–2015) in the Sipi sub-catchment on annual and seasonal scales. Observed daily rainfall and temperature data for Buginyanya and Kapchorwa weather stations were obtained from the Uganda National Meteorological Authority (UNMA), while the daily river-flow data for Sipi were obtained from the Ministry of Water and Environment (MWE). The study used descriptive statistics, the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI), Mann Kendall trend analysis, and Sen’s slope estimator. Results indicate a high coefficient of variation (CV) (CV > 30) for August, September, October, and November (ASON) seasonal rainfall, while annual rainfall had a moderate coefficient of variation (20 ˂ CV ˂ 30). The trend analysis shows that ASON minimum and mean temperatures increased at α = 0.001 and α = 0.05 levels of significance, respectively in both stations and over the entire catchment. Furthermore, the annual and March, April, and May (MAM) river increased at an α = 0.05 level of significance. A total of 14 extremely wet and dry events occurred in the sub-catchment during the post-2000 period, as compared to five in the pre-2000. The significantly increased trend of river flow could be attributed to the impacts of climate and land-use changes. Therefore, future studies may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land-use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment. may need to quantify the impacts of future climate and land use changes on water resources in the sub-catchment
dc.description.sponsorshipSwedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and Makerere University, under Sida contribution No. 51180060.
dc.identifier.citationKilama Luwa, J., Majaliwa, J. G. M., Bamutaze, Y., Kabenge, I., Pilesjo, P., Oriangi, G., & Bagula Mukengere, E. (2021). Variabilities and trends of rainfall, temperature, and river flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the slopes of Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Water, 13(13), 1834.
dc.identifier.issn10.3390/w13131834
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14270/714
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherwater
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVolume 13, Issue 13
dc.subjectannual and seasonal scales
dc.subjectvariabilities
dc.subjectextremely wet and dry
dc.subjectwater resources
dc.subjectMt. Elgon
dc.subjectUganda
dc.titleVariabilities and Trends of Rainfall, Temperature, and River Flow in Sipi Sub-Catchment on the Slopes of Mt. Elgon, Uganda
dc.typeArticle

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