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Population characteristics of Oreochromis esculentus in the Victoria and Kyoga lake basins. Implications for conservation and improvement of the stocks
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Afr. J. Ecol., 2006) Nagayi-Yawe, K. J.,; Ogutu-Ohwayo, R; Kizito, Y. S; Balirwa, J. S.
The tilapiine fish Oreochromis esculentus, is endemic to only lakes Victoria and Kyoga and a few satellite lakes in the two lake basins. It was the most important commercial fish species during the first half of the 20th century in the two lake basins but because of over-exploitation and competition with introduced tilapiines, its stocks declined and, by 1980s, O. esculentus was virtually absent from the two main lakes. Lakes Mburo, Kachera, Kayanja and Kayugi in the Lake Victoria basin, and Nabisojjo, Kawi and Lemwa, in the Lake Kyoga basin, where remnants of the species survived were investigated using experimental fleets of gillnets from 1997 to end of 2002 with the objective of determining the species length frequency distribution, condition factor, feeding and breeding to guide its management, conservation and enhancement. Fish caught in Lake Kayugi, where diatoms dominated in the stomach contents attained the largest size, were most fecund and had a high value of condition factor K.These findings suggest that diatoms were vital in the survival of O. esculentus. However, with the recent shift of algal communities from diatoms to blue-green algae in most aquatic systems, assimilation of blue-green algae by O. esculentus should be investigated.
Speciation of heavy metals in water from the Uganda side of Lake Victoria
(Tailor and Francis, 2010-02) MBABAZI, JOLOCAM; TWINOMUHWEZI, H.; WASSWA, J.; NTALE, M.; MULONGO, G.; KWETEGYEKA, J.; SCHR DER, K.H.
Different forms of copper Cu, zinc Zn, lead Pb and cadmium Cd in water from the Uganda side of Lake Victoria (25°C, pH 6.75–7.18), the second largest inland freshwater lake in the world, have been studied using ion-exchange, dialysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicate that heavy metals Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd are present mainly in the cationic form (80–83%). Small quantities of anionic (13–22%), non-ionic, dialyzable (4–8%), and non-ionic, non-dialyzable (< 1.3–4.4%) forms were also detected for all metals except Cd. The corresponding concentrations lay in the ranges: cationic, 0.06–0.99; anionic, < 0.001–0.25; non-ionic, dialyzable, < 0.001–0.08; non-ionic, non-dialyzable, < 0.001–0.06 µg ml−1 . The existence of the metals in non-ionic and nondialyzable forms is attributable to metal associations with high relative molecular mass (RMM) organic matters.
Water Bactericidal Properties of Nanosilver- Polyurethane Composites
(Nanoscience and Nanotechnology., 2011) Mulongo George; Mbabazi Jolocam; Proscovia Nnamuyomba,; Song Hak-Chol
A technique for coating polyurethane with silver nanoparticles freshly prepared using a hydroxyethyl cellulose organic polymer is presented. The ensuing silver nanoparticle – polyurethane foam composite is found to possess such antibacterial properties as might be useful in water disinfection. With the help of electron microscopy and FTIR spectrophotometry, it was revealed that the adsorption of metallic silver onto the organic polymeric substrate could be attributed to silver nanoparticulate interaction with the nitrogen in the ─NH─ bond in polyurethane. Contrary to earlier reports that similar preparations had total bactericidal effects on water-borne microorganisms, a number of microbial analyses performed on Basillus Subtulis 15 and E. coli 36 as test bacteria in infected waters exhibited only 9 and 5 live percentages, respectively, after eluation through the composite-packed column.
Stannate (IV) and Antimonate (V) Hexahydroxy-anion complexes with Di- and Polyhydric Phenols
(Research Journal of Chemical Sciences, 2011-05-02) Mbabazi, Jolocam; Ntale, M.; Kwetegyeka, J.; Mulongo, G.; Twinomuhwezi, H.; Nnamuyomba, P
An identification has been achieved of only 1:1 and 1:2 chelates of hexahydroxystannate (IV) anions with ortho (i.e., 1,2)-diphenols, using potentiometric and conductimetric techniques. Lack of evidence for organo-richer complexes in aqueous media is in contrast to antimonite (V) hexahydroxy anions and tellurate (VI), which are each able to form a tris (catecholate).
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) residue levels in marketed Silver Fish (Rastreneobola argentea) caught from major water bodies in Uganda
(Academic Journal, 2014-06-25) Nnamuyomba, Proscovia; Mbabazi, Jolocam; Ntale Muhammad
Silver fish (Rastreneobola argentea) samples from Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga were analyzed for dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites using a Gas Chromatograph equipped with an Electron Capture Detector. Confirmation of results was by Gas Chromatography equipped with Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). DDT and metabolites were detected in 90% of the total samples (63 out of 70). pp’ DDT was the most frequently detected residues in the samples whereas op’ DDE was detected in none of the samples. The mean ΣDDT concentrations in fish from Lake Victoria varied from 0.147 to 0.396 µg/kg while that in Lake Kyoga varied from 0.207 to 0.506 µg/kg dry wt of fish sample. The concentration of total DDT in the fish samples ranged from 0.147 to 0.506 µg/kg dry wt. This was far below the recommended FAO limit of 5000 µg/kg for fish (edible portion), implying that the fish are safe for human consumption.
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its derivatives in marketed Clarius werneri caught from Uganda’s major urban wetlands
(Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, 2014-07-29) Nnamuyomba, Proscovia; Jolocam Mbabazi; Muhammad Ntale
The presence of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and derivatives in the Clarius werneri of Uganda’s major urban wetland ecosystems was investigated. Solid dispersion extraction method for extraction, florisil column method for clean-up, gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for analysis and gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) for confirmation of results were used in this study. The major DDT contaminants detected in the samples were p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDT which were found in 25, 22 and 21% of the samples, respectively. o,p’-DDD was detected in 19% and o,p’-DDT in 13% of the samples. For o,p’-DDE there were no measurable values since the levels were below limit of quantitation (LOQ). The concentrations of DDT derivatives ranged between ND-0.478 µg/kg for p,p’-DDE, ND-0.387 µg/kg for o,p’-DDD, ND-0.476 µg/kg for p,p’-DDD, ND-0.345 µg/kg o,p’-DDT and ND-0.556 µg/kg for p,p’- DDT. The concentration of total DDT in C. werneri was in the range of 1.111 to 1.328 µg/kg dry wt. Generally, all the samples had DDT derivative levels below the maximum residue limit recommended by Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) Codex Alimentarius Commission.
Heterogeneity in the prevalence and intensity of bovine trypanosomiasis in the districts of Amuru and Nwoya, Northern Uganda
(Biomedical Central- Veterinary Research, 2015) Angwech, Harriet; Nyeko, Jack H. P.; Opiyo, Elizabeth A.; Okello-Onen, Joseph; Opiro, Robert; Echodu, Richard; Malinga, Geoffrey M.; Njahira, Moses N.; and Skilton, Robert A.
Background: Livestock trypanosomiasis, transmitted mainly by tsetse flies of the genus Glossina is a major constraint to livestock health and productivity in the sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge of the prevalence and intensity of trypanosomiasis is important in understanding the epidemiology of the disease. The objectives of this study were to (a) assess the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections in cattle, and (b) to investigate the reasons for the heterogeneity of the disease in the tsetse infested districts of Amuru and Nwoya, northern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September, 2011 to January, 2012. Blood samples were collected from 816 cattle following jugular vein puncture, and screened for trypanosomes by HCT and ITS-PCR. A Pearson chi-squared test and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between location, age, sex, and prevalence of trypanosome infections. Results: Out of the 816 blood samples examined, 178 (22 %) and 338 (41 %) tested positive for trypanosomiasis by HCT and ITS-PCR, respectively. Trypanosoma vivax infection accounted for 77 % of infections detected by ITS-PCR, T. congolense (16 %), T. brucei s.l (4 %) and mixed (T. vivax/ T. congolense/T.brucei) infections (3 %). The risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with cattle age (χ 2 = 220.4, df = 3, P < 0.001). The highest proportions of infected animals were adult males (26.7 %) and the least infected were the less than one year old calves (2.0 %). In addition, the risk of trypanosome infection was significantly associated with sex (χ 2 = 16.64, df = 1, P < 0.001), and males had a significantly higher prevalence of infections (26.8 %) than females (14.6 %). Conclusion: Our results indicate that the prevalence and intensity of trypanosome infections are highly heterogeneous being associated with cattle age, location and sex
Trace Elements in Marketed Rastreneobola Argentea and Clarias Werneri Caught from Selected Aquatic Ecosystems in Uganda
(International Journal of Current Trends in Engineering & Technology, 2015-08) Nnamuyomba, Proscovia; Mbabazi, Jolocam; Ntale, Muhammad
Samples of two fish species Rastreneobola argentea and Clarias werneri from Lake Victoria, Lake Kyoga and Nakivubo and Lubigi wetlands were analysed for Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer - Perkin-Elmer Model 2380. The results revealed that Zn concentrations were the highest in both species, followed by Cu; Pb and Cd being the lowest. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in R. argentea from Lake Victoria ranged between 20.5- 115 µg/Kg, 175 - 495 µg/kg, 15 - 77.5 µg/Kg and 2.5 - 4.45 µg/kg respectively, mean while their concentrations in the same fish species from Lake Kyoga ranged between 12.5 - 37.5 µg/kg (Cu), 35-100 µg/kg (Zn), 5-12.5 µg/kg (Pb), 0.5-1.5 µg/kg (Cd) dry weight. In C.werneri, heavy metals varied between 197-337.5 µg/kg (Cu), 235-670 µg/kg (Zn), 60-77.5 µg/kg (Pb) and 2.5-6.98 µg/kg (Cd) in Lubigi wetland and in Nakivubo wetland, concentrations of heavy metals ranged between 7521320 µg/kg for Cu, 1230-1437 µg/kg for Zn, 85-97.5 µg/kg for Pb and 2.2-7.75 µg/kg for Cd. Heavy metal concentrations obtained in this study were below permissible limits issued by WHO/FAO. Therefore, the consumption of these fish species may not pose any threat to human health. However periodic monitoring of these metals in the fish caught from water bodies located in urban areas is highly essential to public health
FRUIT FLY INFESTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON MANGO (Mangifera indica . L.) PRODUCTION IN OYAM DISTRICT, UGANDA
(Gulu University, 2016) Odyomo Patrick
Worldwide, fruit fly infestation is a major constraint to mango production. In Oyam district northern Uganda. mango fruits drop on the ground due to fruit fly attack. This is disheartening and frustrates efforts to diversify agriculture. Despite the overwhelming economic importance of mangoes, efforts to assess the impact of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) have been minimal. In this study, the fruit fly species causing damage and their damage level on mango fruits and local perspectives on the pest were assessed. Matured mango fruits were collected from purposively selected 30 trees belonging to I 0 mango varieties between May and July 2011. assessed for fruit fly damage and incubated individually Knowledge and perceptions of smallholder's growers and fruit vendors on the fruit fly pest and their management practices were sought by use of semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions respectively. Bactrocera invadens and Ceratitis rosa Wft.! identified as the fruit fly species causing damage on mango fruits. Bactrocera invadens was the most abundant (99.4%).The percentage median levels of damage varied from 7.56 to 84.34 among the mango varieties. The most damaged mango varieties were Ddodo'Atik'. Gleen and Alphonso. whereas the least damaged were Ddodo'lndia' and Ddodo·Totol'. The infestation index for B invadens was 53.42 adults/kg infested fruit and for C rosa was 0.3 adults/kg infested fruit. The general knowledge about the fruit fly pest and the damage its cause was limited among the mango growers and fruit vendors. The results of this study indicate that B mvadens is the main species causing high damage and economic loss on mango fruits in Oyam district. The results further suggest that there is no proper management of fruit flies by mango stakeholders. This highlights the need to make the management of mango fruit fly pest a high priority in all the agricultural, marketing and developmental plans.
Immunisation-notification adoption model: strategies for implementing mobile electronic notification of mothers in Uganda
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2017) Abandu, J. and; Kivunike, F.N.
Mobile e-health systems play a significant role in information delivery by enhancing efficiency, cost effectiveness and mobility. In Uganda, mobile e-health has been predominantly adopted to facilitate information sharing between Ministry of Health and district health offices despite the availability of mobile phones in the community. This study sought to develop an immunisation-notification adoption model to support the use of mobile technology for creating citizen awareness. It focused on the adoption of mobile technology for notifying and reminding mothers of immunisation schedules. The objective was achieved by extending technology acceptance model to predict user satisfaction with the new system. Descriptive survey design was employed using questionnaire for data collection. The study implemented in Northern Uganda targeted 51 health workers and mothers in Gulu referral and Gulu independent hospitals. The model has the dimensions of knowledge, accessibility, support, content, trust, funding, awareness, knowledge sharing, skills and ease of use. Perceived usefulness was considered the key driver for the system adoption.
Evaluating the role of perceived usefulness in user adoption of mobile immunisation notification system in Uganda
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2017) Abandu, J. and; Kivunike, F.N.
The study sought to evaluate the role of perceived usefulness in user adoption of mobile immunisation-notification system in Uganda. Descriptive survey design was employed and structured questionnaires were administered to 51 healthcare professionals and mothers from Gulu referral and Gulu independent hospitals in Northern Uganda using purposive sampling technique. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of the identified antecedents on the intention to adopt IMUNOT through perceived usefulness based on technology acceptance model. The findings showed e-health knowledge, accessibility, support, content and trust as the antecedents of perceived usefulness with 87.8% of variance. The findings suggest the importance of perceived usefulness in the mobile Immunisation-notification system adoption. The study provides behavioural and infrastructural strategies for stakeholders on how to foster perceived usefulness in the system adoption. However, more variables may be evaluated to improve the analytical capability of the model.
The impact of septic systems density and nearness to spring water points, on water quality
(African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2017-01-18) Arwenyo, B.; Wasswa, J.; Nyeko, M.; Kasozi, G. N.
Worldwide, 1.1 billion people do not have access to clean water and as a result, 2 million children die annually due to preventable waterborne diseases. In Uganda, 440 Children die every week of waterborne diseases. High prevalence of this death is reported in the peri urban areas. It is still unclear however the causes of water pollution in the peri-urban areas. The improper use of onsite sanitation facilities such as latrines and septic systems may lead to groundwater contamination. It is true that drain field of septic system located too close to water point, and or over population of the septic systems in a small area can lead to pollution of groundwater. Our study investigated the impact of septic systems density and nearness to water points on spring water quality. Samples from 15 spring wells were analysed for pH, nitrate and faecal coliform contamination. Locations and distances of spring from septic systems were determined using global positioning system (GPS) device and ArcGIS software, respectively. Water samples from all the spring wells had pH value less than 6.5, 66.7% had faecal coliform and 53% had nitrate above 2 mg L-1. While sample from one of the springs had nitrate concentration above the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) standard of 10 mg L- 1. It was also noted that coliform counts and nitrate concentrations increases with increase in number of septic systems surrounding the spring well. In addition, increase in distance between spring wells and septic systems indicated decrease in both coliform counts and nitrate concentration. It is therefore concluded that improper use of septic systems is one of the causes of groundwater pollution in the peri urban areas. The study recommends treatments of water from groundwater sources, regular monitoring of groundwater sources and proper design and siting of septic systems using more robust methodologies.
Factors affecting mobile immunisation notification system adoption in Uganda
(Inderscience Enterprises Ltd., 2018) Abandu, J. and; Kivunike, F.N.
The aim of this study was to assess factors that affect the adoption of mobile immunisation notification system in Uganda. Methods: Descriptive survey design and structured questionnaires were employed for the study that was carried out in Northern part of Uganda. A total of 51 health workers and mothers were purposively sampled from Gulu Referral and Independent hospitals. Statistical package for social sciences was used to evaluate the impact of the identified factors on the adoption of the proposed system. Results: The findings showed that e-health knowledge; trust; ICT skills; accessibility; support; awareness; knowledge sharing and compatibility affect the adoption of the proposed system. Conclusions: The study provides informative directions to adopt the proposed system. Government needs to improve ICT infrastructure and support user training on e-health to promote the adoption of the system.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE SHIELDING MECHANISM IN ROOMS HOUSING X-RAY DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENTS :A CASE STUDY OF MULAGO HOSPITAL, UGANDA
(International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering (IJIRAE), 2018-02-02) Festo Kiragga; Kisolo Akisophel; Nakatudde Rebecca
The effectiveness of the shielding against ionizing radiation in controlled and supervised areas of four (4) selected imaging rooms of Mulago hospital was determined. Scattered radiation transmitted to the operator’s console, leakage through the walls and doors to the patient waiting areas was also determined. The effective doses to occupational workers were also determined. The availability and effectiveness of the lead aprons and other protective gears was also investigated. Thermoluminiscent Dosimeters (TLDs) were installed at selected points for a period of four (4) weeks. Radiation leakages to the members of the public were measured using a survey meter, scattered X-ray radiation to staff was measured using TLD badges. The mean scattered radiation in the imaging rooms varied from 1.19 mSv/month in the Computed Tomography (CT) room to 0.38 mSv/month from the Casualty Center (CC). The effective doses to occupational staff were highest in Room 4 (R4) (plain radiography) of 6.8 mSv/yr and lowest in CC at 1.4 mSv/yr. Radiation leakages through selected doors were found to be 18.1 mSv/hr at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI). Though there was some leakage, the available shielding was found to be generally effective.
Diet acceptance and preference of the edible grasshopper Ruspolia diferens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
(The Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology, 2018-02-23) Malinga, Geofrey M.; Valtonen, Anu; Lehtovaara, Vilma J.; Rutaro, Karlmax; Opoke, Robert; Nyeko, Philip; Roininen, Heikki
The edible grasshopper Ruspolia diferens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) gathered seasonally from the wild is a highly valued and an economically important edible insect, particularly in East Africa. To reduce the pressure on wild populations, a sus tainable mass production technique needs to be developed. Unfortunately, however, basic biological know-how on feeding habits of R. diferens is poorly understood, which poses a constraint on the development of mass-rearing technology. Here, we evaluated the acceptance and feeding preference of R. diferens for 16 cultivated or processed foods using no-choice and multiple-choice laboratory bioassays. The results indicated that adult R. diferens can eat a wide variety of foods but does not necessarily accept all the foods equally. Furthermore, our experiments showed that R. diferens has high ability to select diet among those available. The order of decreasing preference was wheat bran > germinated fnger millet > rice seed head > fnger millet seed head > chicken feed egg booster > sorghum seed head. Finally, our study indicated that sex and color morph are not associated with the order of acceptance and preference of diets in R. diferens. These results show potential foods that could be utilized for developing future mass-rearing methods for R. diferens.
Assessing Users Involvement in Analysis and Design Tasks of Electronic Health Information Systems: Experiences, Challenges, and Suggestions to Optimise Involvement
(HELINA and JHIA, 2019) K. Akello, Christine; F. Bbosa, Francis; Nabukenya, Josephine
User requirements play a vital role in the development of usable EHIS. For developers to design better quality, relevant and safer EHIS that meet user needs, they are required to actively engage stakeholders especially in the analysis and design tasks of its development life cycle. This is because they provide context appropriate solutions based on their needs. However, in most cases developers ignore health stakeholders’ input especially during these tasks due to varying perspectives and expectations, complexity, high cost, and variability in time to complete the tasks. This has resulted into various challenges including difficulty in capturing and interpreting user requirements in an effective and efficient manner, poorly designed and unusable systems, unsatisfied user needs, and high maintenance costs. This study thus aimed at assessing users’ involvement in the analysis and design tasks when developing EHIS with a view to understand their experiences, challenges, and suggestions to optimise their involvement. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional survey to investigate and describe the level of user involvement and challenges faced in the analysis and design tasks of the EHIS development process. A total of 36 health practitioners from 13 Key health institutions located in Uganda were selected as respondents. Results: The study revealed that majority of the respondents was involved in EHIS development, with a few involved at analysis and design tasks. Increased costs associated with data collection, followed by lack of consensus in clarifying, articulating and defining user requirements were recorded as the biggest challenges faced by users at requirements gathering, analysis and system design tasks. Regards suggestions to optimising users’ involvement in EHIS development tasks, the study reported that users were very much interested in being involved at all tasks of EHIS development, and consultation of users was paramount in order to incorporate all their needs in EHIS. Conclusions: The results from the study demonstrate the value of user involvement at the analysis and design tasks of EHIS development cycle. User involvement offers benefits in form of reduction in costs, improved productivity due to users easily arriving at a common consensus and positive growth in user attitudes. The researchers intend to incorporate suggestions that emerged from this study to conduct long-term evaluations of existing EHIS and investigate how users’ involvement changes over time.
Information and Communication Technology usage in post-conflict maternal healthcare: Northern Uganda Referral hospital perspective
(Elsevier Ltd., 2019-05-17) Abandu, J.; Kivunike, F.N.; Okot, P. and; Lamunu, J.
The main objective of this study was to assess Information and Communication Technology (ICT) usage in post-conflict maternal healthcare. This adds to the knowledge base as well as boosts the need to prioritize, empower and create awareness among ICT benefactors. Methods: A descriptive survey design was applied to quantify and explain the findings that were obtained from Gulu Referral hospital. A set of structured questionnaires were distributed to the participants during the phase of data collection. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relational impact of the identified factors on the use of ICT with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: Although regression has shown usefulness, ease of use, trust and awareness as the key factors that promote ICT usage in the services of maternal healthcare, a number of deterrents were identified. The deterrents include: limitation of strong ICT infrastructure, skills and knowledge. Conclusion: We recommend management and Government improve ICT infrastructure and offer user training to impart knowledge and skills that are needed for handling sensitive or private health data. Adequate funding is also needed to strengthen ICT infrastructure. Due to the complex or dynamic nature of the society and advance in ICT more promoting and deterring factors should be explored in future.
Efficacy of In Ovo Delivered Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Gut Health of Kuroiler Chickens in the Face of a Natural Coccidiosis Challenge
(MDPI journal of Nutrients, 2019-10-28) Angwech, Harriet; Tavaniello, Siria; Ongwech, Acaye; Kaaya, Archileo N.; and Maiorano, Giuseppe
A study was carried out to assess the efficacy of prebiotic delivered in ovo on performance, carcass traits, meat quality and gut health in the face of a natural coccidiosis infection in Kuroiler chickens. On d 12 of incubation, 150 fertile eggs were divided into a prebiotic group injected with trans-galactooligosaccharides (Bi2 tos) and a control group uninjected. Hatched chicks from each group were further divided: One group received antibiotic chick formula while the other was left untreated, giving rise to 4 groups—Control (C), Antibiotic (A), Bi2 tos (B), and Bi2 tos + Antibiotic (AB). Prebiotic improved growth performance at six weeks of age, AB birds were the heaviest at the end of the rearing period. The highest intestinal lesion scores and oocyst counts were recorded in C birds. B group had a slightly higher carcass weight and cuts yields tended to be higher in treated groups compared to C. Meat from B group displayed a higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to C and a positively lower n-6/n-3 ratio compared to C and A. In conclusion, prebiotics with or without antibiotics reduced severity of intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion induced by natural infection with Eimeria, with positive effects on Kuroiler chicken productive traits.
Performance of the African edible bush-cricket, Ruspolia differens, on single and mixed diets containing inflorescences of their host plant species
(Entomologia experimentalis et applicata, special issue: insect production, 2020) Malinga, Geoffrey M.; Valtonen, Anu; Hiltunen, Minna; Lehtovaara, Vilma J.; Nyeko, Philip; Roininen, Heikki
The African edible bush-cricket, Ruspolia differens (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), is an eco nomically valuable insect in sub-Saharan Africa. For its mass-rearing, suitable diets that can sustain its performance need to be identified. This study aimed at finding inflorescence diets of 10 host plant species and their mixtures that result in the highest R. differens production. We reared newly hatched nymphs to adults on inflorescences of single host species, and also on a gradient of five diversifying dietary mixtures consisting of one and mixtures of two, three, five, and seven host plant species. For the single host-plant diets, the developmental time was shortest on Pennisetum purpureum, Chloris gayana, and Brachiaria ruziziensis (approximately 63 days), whereas the fresh weight was highest on B. ruziziensis and P. purpureum (approximately 0.383 g). Survival was highest (>65%) on C. gayana, P. purpureum, B. ruziziensis, Setaria sphacelata, and Sporobolus pyramidalis, and lowest on Panicum maximum, Hyparrhenia rufa, Cynodon dactylon, and Paspalum scrobiculatum (<40%). With respect to diet mixtures, the developmental time was significantly shorter (on average 16 days shorter), and survival was higher, in the most diversified diets compared to the least diversified diets. The contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid composition did not differ significantly among the diets. However, the content of monounsaturated fatty acids differed significantly among the diets and there was a significant diet*sex interaction. From the applied point of view, based on our results, for maximal weight and survival plus fast development, we recommend rearing on P. purpureum, C. gayana, B. ruziziensis, and S. sphacelata, and on dietary mixtures of inflorescences. These findings are important in designing large-scale rearing programs for this species.
Perceptions of resilience to climate-induced disasters in Mbale municipality in Uganda
(Taylor and francis group, 2020-01-29) Oriangi,George; Albrecht,Frederike; Mukwaya,Paul Isolo; Nakileza,Bob; Pilesjo,Petter; Bamutaza, Yazidhi
Resilience has been raised as a core task within disaster risk reduction frameworks, yet it remains difficult to implement these global ideas in local communities. This study used Community Based Resilience Analysis Approach to investigate the components that are perceived as important in resilience and the extent to which these components have been achieved. It explored the trend of resilience and beneficial interventions for building resilience as perceived by interviewed participants in Mbale Municipality in Eastern Uganda. The study results indicate that access to education, healthcare, employment, peace and security were the most important components of resilience. Respondents perceived to have progressed in accessing credit, building productive farms and sustaining peace and security by July 2017. However, they assessed a lack of diverse incomegenerating activities, access to insurance, food security, employment and health care. Moreover, the study showed that respondents from marginalised parts of the municipality experienced decreasing resilience while respondents in other divisions had increased resilience. These results provide contextspecific components of resilience by the local people. This can inform the formulation of resilience indices and bear relevance for policy-makers and practitioners to understand areas to invest more resources to achieve resilience

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